Notation Used in This Book

Forsyth-Edwards Notation

For a full description of what Forsyth-Edwards Notation (FEN) is, please see wikipedia. Diagrams in some chapters are accompanied by a (shortened) FEN for your convenience. You may cut-and-paste this FEN to quickly load the position into your chess program off-line or on-line at FICS as described in "Playing On-Line."

Move Marks

I use the following marks written at the end of some moves.

Mark Description
* The best or tied for best move available. Used only in summarized opening analysis.
! An excellent move
?? A move that turns a won position into a drawn or lost position, or a move that turns a drawn position into a lost position. Used only when specific forcing analysis is known to prove it.
? A bad move for which ?? is not appropriate.
?! Probably a bad move. Further analysis required to prove it.
!? A risky move.
+ Check.
# Checkmate.
## Win by Explosion.

End of Line Marks

I use the following marks at the end of a line of analysis:

Mark Description
[=] Both sides have equal chances to win.
[==] Neither side has chances to win. The position is drawn.
[+=] White has a slight edge.
[+-] White has a superior (probably winning) position
[=+] Black has a slight edge.
[-+] Black has a superior (probably winning) position
[1-0] White has a forced win.
[0-1] Black has a forced win.
[drw] The game has ended in a draw.
[...] More analysis needed to evaluate position.

Other Marks

Mark Description
<<Opening Name>> My official name for an opening
<handle> I'm attributing this move (or sequence of moves) to this person.
{comments} in-line comments
(alternate move) Alternate move. Everything following works the same.

Many of these symbols are only used in chapters containing summarized opening analysis. Elsewhere I am sometimes more informal.